Anemia of Chronic Disease – Remedies for the Treatment of Its

This type of anemia frequently complicates other diseases. Disorders that often bring on this type of anemia include rheumatoid arthritis hepatitis and tuberculosis. It can also occur in anyone who has an acute infection such as pneumonia .The symptoms of anemia of chronic disease are the same as those for other forms of anemia, combined with the symptoms of the underlying disease. It cannot be treated, except by transfusions, but it should improve when the disease that produces it improves in response to treatment.

Thalassemia – Causes and Symptoms of Thalassemia

In this disorder an inherited defect prevents the formation of normal amounts of hemoglobin A, the type of hemoglobin that is found in the red blood cells after the first few months of life. As a partial compensation, the cells contain hemoglobin F, a type of hemoglobin that is usually found only in newborn babies. However, only a relatively small amount of hemoglobin F is made in adults who have thalassemia, so their red blood cells contain less hemoglobin than normal. In addition, the majority of the red blood cells produced in this condition are destroyed within the bone marrow, and those that remain can survive only a short time.

The full-blown form of the disorder, called thalassemia major, occurs only if you inherit the defect from both of your parents. It produces severe anemia. When you inherit the defect from only one parent, the result is the thalassemia “trait.” This rarely causes any symptoms or disability.

What are the symptoms?

The symptoms of thalassemia major are similar to those of hemolytic anemia . They include paleness, tiredness, weakness, breathlessness and palpitations, or increased awareness of your heartbeat. A child who has the disease will be relatively inactive and will also be unable to keep up with his or her playmates.

What are the risks?

Thalassemia trait is several times more common than thalassemia major. Both forms of the disorder are relatively common in per­sons from the Mediterranean area, the Middle East and the Far East.

If you have the trait, you are at little or no risk. If you have thalassemia major, repeated blood transfusions are needed to treat the anemia. This treatment eventually causes a build-up of iron in your body, which damages the liver and the heart. Atone time, this led to death from liver or heart failure. There is now a treatment available that makes it possible to remove the iron.

What should be done?

If you or your child displays any of the symptoms described, see your physician, who will consider the possibility of thalassemia, especially if this disease is known to run in your family. Initially the doctor will arrange for a blood sample to be taken and tested to confirm or reject this possibility.

If you have any form of the disease in your family, even as the trait, and you are considering having a child, be sure to see your physician about the possibility of your child being affected by the disease.

What is the treatment?

The underlying genetic defect that causes thalassemia cannot now be cured. If you have the disease, regular blood transfusions throughout your life will relieve the symptoms of anemia, and it is now possible to use only young red cells in the transfusions. These survive longer, and therefore you can reduce the frequency of the transfusions. Also, you need a drug that causes your body to eliminate excess iron.

Sickle-Cell Anemia – How to Cope up with Sickle-Cell Anemia?

In the inherited disease called sickle-cell anemia, the red blood cells contain an abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S. If you have this disease, you have no normal hemoglobin in your red blood cells, because you have inherited a sickle-cell gene from each of your parents. This condition must be distinguished from sickle-cell trait, in which you inherit only one sickle-cell gene from one parent. Then you have red cells that contain half normal hemoglobin and half hemoglobin S, and your health is not impaired. In addition to hemolysis, or premature destruction of red blood cells, hemoglobin S causes red cells of persons with sickle-cell anemia to become deformed in shape, or “sickled,” especially in parts of the body where the amount of oxygen is relatively low. These abnormal blood cells do not flow smoothly through the capillaries, or smaller blood vessels. They may clog the vessels, and prevent blood from reaching the tissues. This blockage causes anoxia, or lack of oxygen, which makes the sickling worse. Attacks of this kind are called sickle-cell “crises.” They can be very painful.

What are the symptoms?

If you have sickle-cell anemia, you will have all the symptoms of anemia . In addition, you may have occasional sickle-cell crises, which produce attacks of pain in the bones and abdomen. You may also develop blood clots in the lungs, kidneys, brain, and most other organs.

How often crises occur varies a great deal from one person with the disease to another. Crises are more likely to occur during infections and after an accident or injury. They also occur with anesthesia and surgery if appropriate precautions are not taken.

Both the sickle-cell trait and sickle-cell anemia are virtually unknown except in people of African descent and in persons from parts of Italy, Greece, Arabia and India. About 1 in every 1000 black Americans has sickle-cell anemia.

What are the risks?

There is virtually no risk from sickle-cell trait, but a man and woman who both have the trait can produce a child with sickle-cell anemia. If you have sickle-cell anemia, you risk painful crises. Abnormalities of bone growth and severe infection from certain bacteria may also occur. Severe sickle-cell crises can damage most organs in your body by impairing blood flow, and this damage can lead to death from heart failure kidney failure or stroke.

What should be done?

If you or your child displays any of the symptoms described, see your physician, who will consider the possibility of sickle-cell anemia, especially if the disease is known to run in your family. Analysis of a blood sample will disclose whether the disease is present.

If you are of African descent and you are considering getting married or having a child, it is wise for you to be tested for sickle-cell trait. Because the trait is relatively common in the black population, about 6 of every 1000 black couples will have the capability of producing a child with sickle-cell anemia.

What is the treatment?

There is now no cure for an inherited disease such as sickle-cell anemia, but the symptoms can be treated. Crises of acute pain are the most common problem. These are treated with painkillers, and you often have to be admitted to the hospital for them. It is extremely important that you do everything possible to maintain good health, and that you obtain prompt treatment for infections, injuries and other illnesses. Also, you should see a physician regularly who is thoroughly familiar with the disease. Special precautions are necessary before you have any surgery, including dental surgery. Also, you should not fly in an un pressurized airplane or be at altitudes above about 6000 feet, at least not without special precautions and instructions.

Blood disorders – How to Cope up with Blood disorders?

Your blood has two basic parts: blood cells, which are also called blood corpuscles; and plasma, the fluid in which the blood cells are suspended. The disorders of the blood that are discussed in this section are principally concerned with the blood cells.Most of the blood cells in your body are red blood cells. Their main function is to carry oxygen from the lungs to all parts of the body. Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which combines with oxygen in the lungs and releases it to the tissues as the blood circulates through your body. The red blood cells also carry the waste product carbon dioxide from the tissues to the lungs so that it can be exhaled.

Your body also contains white blood cells, which protect the body from infection. There are several different kinds of white blood cells. Most of them are neutrophils, which attack and engulf bacteria. Another kind, the lymphocyte, recognizes foreign cells, infectious agents, and other foreign substances and participates in the body’s immune reaction against them. There are other varieties of white blood cells, but these two are the most numerous.

A third type of blood cell is the platelet. Platelets gather wherever a blood vessel is injured, to plug the hole. This is the first stage in the blood clotting process. Chemical substances in the plasma then assist in forming a clot that seals the wound.

Most blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. However, lymphocytes are made in the spleen or in the lymph glands, which are found in the neck, armpits, groin and many other parts of the body. The spleen and lymph glands, together with the channels and ducts connecting them, are called the lymphatic system. When red blood cells and platelets become old or defective they are filtered out of the bloodstream and broken down by the spleen, and also by the liver and lymph glands.

Disorders of the blood are grouped as follows: lack of hemoglobin, which causes anemia; disorders in clotting, which cause bleeding and bruising; cancerous changes in the white cells, which cause leukemia; disorders in the production of blood cells in the bone marrow; and disorders that affect the lymphatic system.